A dispute is usually an evidence problem rather than a fraud problem. The merchants who win them are the ones who already had the paperwork before the dispute arrived.
In yachting, marine & luxury charter, disputes cluster around a few specific moments. Knowing which one you are exposed to is most of the fix.
Split the rails by transaction
Document the deposit terms
Review the cross-border setup
Map buyer to escrow to seller
Card networks monitor dispute and fraud rates at the merchant level and combine them rather than treating them separately. Crossing a threshold brings fees, mandatory remediation, reserve changes or closure — and responsibility sits with the merchant and the acquirer together, which is why a processor asks how you handle disputes before approving you.
Card testing is monitored in its own right, and a merchant can be caught by it without having done anything wrong.
How monitoring programs work